Role of natural coagulants in the removal of heavy metals from different wastewaters: principal mechanisms, applications, challenges, and prospects

<p>Industrial wastewater has become a great concern due to high concentrations of several hazardous contaminants, particularly heavy metals. Heavy metal contamination and its consequences for human health the environment have gained interest in developing low-cost, long-term cleanup technologies. Biologically based treatment approaches being more effective than conventional methods are getting attention recently. Applying natural coagulants treatments progressively improved coagulation-flocculation process efficiency. The main mechanism metals removal by coagulation is adsorption; therefore, perform better chemical as contain biopolymers with active sites adsorption. This systematic review focuses on applying nature from different environmental systems. A comprehensive search related articles Web Science, PubMed, Scopus use coagulant was conducted up May 2022. After examining, extracting deleting duplicate records, 81 relevant containing data types coagulants, extraction compounds, mechanisms process, performance been reviewed. Their major findings technical gaps possible solutions summarized. novel it summarizes series previously published role also identified research questions suggested successful practical application treatment.</p>